NEW YORK — The subjects of this year's National Book Award nominees were better known than the authors.

Biographies about tycoons Henry Ford and Cornelius Vanderbilt were among the finalists announced Wednesday, along with two books relating to Charles Darwin. But judges also omitted such widely publicized releases as Lorrie Moore's "At the Gate of the Stairs," Richard Powers' "Generosity" and Blake Bailey's biography of John Cheever.

Five books from university presses were among the 20 chosen in four competitive categories. Fiction judges picked Bonnie Jo Campbell's story collection, "American Salvage," a paperback original released by Wayne State University Press, the publisher's first National Book Award nomination in its more than 60 year history.

Winners, each of whom receive $10,000, will be announced at a Nov. 18 ceremony in New York.

Charles Darwin was featured in two nominated works: Sean B. Carroll's "Remarkable Creatures: Epic Adventures in the Search for the Origin of Species," a nonfiction finalist; and young people's literature nominee "Charles and Emma: The Darwins' Leap of Faith," by Deborah Seligman.

Marcel Theroux, son of travel writer and former National Book Award finalist Paul Theroux, was a fiction nominee for "Far North," a story of global warming disaster set around Siberia.

Also selected were such critical favorites as Colum McCann's "Let the Great World Spin," Daniyal Mueenuddin's book of stories "In Other Rooms,

Other Wonders" and Jayne Anne Phillips' "Lark & Termite." T.J. Stiles' "The First Tycoon" and Greg Grandin's "Fordlandia," about Henry Ford's ill-fated effort to set up a colony in Brazil, were nonfiction nominees, along with Carroll's "Remarkable Creatures" and David M. Carroll's journal of New England wildlife "Following the Water." (Stiles, who attended Carleton College, grew up outside Foley, Minn.; his father was Benton County coroner. He lives in San Francisco.)

The fifth nonfiction finalist was Adrienne Mayor's "The Poison King," a biography of the Greco-Persian ruler Mithradates. (Mayor grew up in Hopkins and attended the University of Minnesota. She is a visiting scholar at Stanford University in California.) Besides Seligman's "Charles and Emma," young people's literature finalists included Phillip Hoose's "Claudette Colvin," David Small's graphic work "Stitches," Laini Taylor's "Lips Touch" and Rita Williams-Garcia's "Jumped."

The poetry nominees were Rae Armantrout's "Versed," Ann Lauterbach's "Or to Begin Again," Carl Phillips' "Speak Low," Lyrae Van Clief-Stefanon's "Open Interval" and Keith Waldrop's "Transcendental Studies: A Trilogy."